Enhancement of Radiation Effectiveness in Cervical Cancer Cells by Combining Ionizing Radiation with Hyperthermia and Molecular Targeting Agents
ABSTRACT
Hyperthermia (HT) and molecular targeting agents can be used to enhance the effect of radiotherapy (RT). The purpose of this paper is to evaluate radiation sensitization by HT and different molecular targeting agents (Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 inhibitor, PARP1; DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit inhibitor, DNA-PKcs- and Heat Shock Protein 90 inhibitor, HSP90) in cervical cancer cell lines. Survival curves of SiHa and HeLa cells, concerning the combined effects of radiation with hyperthermia and PARP1, DNA-PKcs or HSP90, were analyzed using the linear-quadratic model: S(D)/S(0) = exp – (αD + βD²). The values of the linear-quadratic (LQ) parameters α and β, determine the effectiveness at low and high doses, respectively. The effects of these sensitizing agents on the LQ parameters are compared to evaluate dose-dependent differences in radio enhancement. Combination of radiation with hyperthermia, PARP1 and DNA-PKcs significantly increased the value of the linear parameter α. Both α and β were significantly increased for HSP90 combined with hyperthermia in HeLa cells, though not in SiHa cells. The Homologous Recombination pathway is inhibited by hyperthermia. When hyperthermia is combined with DNA-PKcs and PARP1, the Non-Homologous End Joining or Alternative Non-Homologous End Joining pathway is also inhibited, leading to a more potent radio enhancement. The observed increments of the α value imply that significant radio enhancement is obtained at clinically-used radiotherapy doses. Furthermore, the sensitizing effects of hyperthermia can be even further enhanced when combined with other molecular targeting agents.